In the described Independent Measures ANOVA, the independent variable has at least how many levels?

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Multiple Choice

In the described Independent Measures ANOVA, the independent variable has at least how many levels?

Explanation:
The key idea is that an independent measures ANOVA compares means across different groups defined by the levels of the independent variable. You need at least two groups to have something to compare; with only one level there’s nothing to test against, and with two levels you can assess whether the group means differ. The test remains valid with two levels (and, of course, more levels are allowed for more complex comparisons). Therefore, the minimum number of levels is two, not three.

The key idea is that an independent measures ANOVA compares means across different groups defined by the levels of the independent variable. You need at least two groups to have something to compare; with only one level there’s nothing to test against, and with two levels you can assess whether the group means differ. The test remains valid with two levels (and, of course, more levels are allowed for more complex comparisons). Therefore, the minimum number of levels is two, not three.

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