If you conduct a study with a known high probability of detecting an effect when it exists, this describes a high:

If you conduct a study with a known high probability of detecting an effect when it exists, this describes a high:

• A. Confidence level
• B. Power
• C. P-value
• D. Effect size

Answer: (B)

Power is the probability that a study will detect an effect when one truly exists. When this probability is high, the study has high power, meaning you’re less likely to miss real effects (a lower chance of a Type II error). Power equals 1 minus the probability of failing to detect the effect when it is present. It rises with larger sample sizes, larger true effects, smaller variability, and a suitably chosen alpha level. Confidences, confidence levels, refer to how often interval estimates would capture the true parameter in repeated sampling, not to the study’s ability to detect an effect. The P-value reflects the probability of observing data as extreme as or more extreme than what was observed under the null hypothesis, which is about evidence against the null, not the study’s sensitivity to detect real effects. Effect size is the magnitude of the effect itself, not the likelihood of detecting it.

Power is the probability that a study will detect an effect when one truly exists. When this probability is high, the study has high power, meaning you’re less likely to miss real effects (a lower chance of a Type II error). Power equals 1 minus the probability of failing to detect the effect when it is present. It rises with larger sample sizes, larger true effects, smaller variability, and a suitably chosen alpha level.

Confidences, confidence levels, refer to how often interval estimates would capture the true parameter in repeated sampling, not to the study’s ability to detect an effect. The P-value reflects the probability of observing data as extreme as or more extreme than what was observed under the null hypothesis, which is about evidence against the null, not the study’s sensitivity to detect real effects. Effect size is the magnitude of the effect itself, not the likelihood of detecting it.