For Repeated Measures ANOVA, the dependent variable must be

For Repeated Measures ANOVA, the dependent variable must be

• A. Quantitative in nature and measured at least at interval level.
• B. Categorical
• C. Nominal
• D. Binary

Answer: (A)

In repeated measures ANOVA you’re comparing mean scores across different conditions for the same participants, so the dependent variable must be a numeric score that you can average and assess variability on. This requires at least interval-scale data (or ratio), because the analysis relies on arithmetic operations like computing means, differences, and variances, as well as estimating within-subject variability and covariances. If the dependent variable is categorical—nominal, binary, or otherwise nonnumeric—the concept of a mean across conditions isn’t meaningful, and the standard RMANOVA assumptions don’t hold. In such cases you’d turn to other methods suited for nonnumeric outcomes, like nonparametric tests or generalized linear models. So the key requirement is that the dependent variable be quantitative and measured at interval level or higher.

In repeated measures ANOVA you’re comparing mean scores across different conditions for the same participants, so the dependent variable must be a numeric score that you can average and assess variability on. This requires at least interval-scale data (or ratio), because the analysis relies on arithmetic operations like computing means, differences, and variances, as well as estimating within-subject variability and covariances. If the dependent variable is categorical—nominal, binary, or otherwise nonnumeric—the concept of a mean across conditions isn’t meaningful, and the standard RMANOVA assumptions don’t hold. In such cases you’d turn to other methods suited for nonnumeric outcomes, like nonparametric tests or generalized linear models. So the key requirement is that the dependent variable be quantitative and measured at interval level or higher.